Grapevine genome sequencing. Pipettes containing DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) samples ready for gel electrophoresis. This technique is used to separate nucleotide bases from DNA fragments. The bases are separated in sequence, giving a map of the organism's genome, in this case the Pinot Noir grape (Vitis sp.). The DNA fragments are placed in a porous gel that has an electric current applied to it. The nucleotides move down the gel according to their size. After the process has run the bases appear as bands on the gel. The sequences of bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. Photographed at the Agricultural Institute of San Michelle all'Adige, Trento, Italy.