Bowel surgery, historical anatomical artwork. This 19th century textbook illustration shows different methods of joining sections of bowel following surgery. The upper four diagrams show methods of suturing the bowel, developed by Jobert (top row) and Lembert (second row). The lower four diagrams show a procedure developed by Denan that required no sutures and prevented the bowel from closing up. This illustration is taken from the 19th century French textbook The Atlas of Human Anatomy and Surgery by J. M. Bourgery and N. H. Jacob.