Arthritic hand. Coloured X-ray of a hand showing rheumatoid arthritis. The joints have become inflamed, causing the hand to become deformed. Rheumatoid arthritis is the second most common arthritic disease after osteoarthritis. It is caused by the immune system attacking the body's own tissues. It typically affects finger, wrist and toe joints. Treatment for pain, inflammation and restricted movement is with anti-inflammatory drugs. Physiotherapy may help to preserve joint movement.