Brainstem and cerebellum. Historical artwork of a vertical section through the brainstem (rod-shaped structure from lower right to upper left) and the cerebellum (round, upper right) of a human brain. These structures are at the base and rear of the brain. The brainstem connects to the spinal cord (not seen) at lower right. The cerebellum controls functions such as balance and posture. The brainstem deals with subconscious functions, such as breathing and blood pressure. The brainstem has three areas, the midbrain (upper left), the pons (rounded area near centre) and the medulla oblongata (lower left). The pituitary gland (round) is at centre left.