Arabic physicians. Manuscript illustration of three Arabic physicians with their assistants. Taken from Treatise on the Theriac, an Arabic manuscript from the 13th century. Arabic physicians had inherited the learning of the ancient Greeks and Romans and during this period had a greater understanding of the use of herbs and more refined surgical techniques than Europeans. Image taken from the Traite de la Theriaque (Treatise on Poison Antidotes, 1217). No information on the peoples' identity available (unless you understand classical Arabic)