Roman surgical instruments. 19th-century artwork of various Roman surgical tools and instruments: a lance (top), pliers to extract foreign bodies (upper centre), instrument kit (upper left), pliers (upper right), a bistoury (lower left; a long, narrow surgical knife), an instrument case (lower right), a dental clamp and noose (bottom left), and a mark to identify a doctor or ophthalmologist (bottom right). These artefacts are from Pompeii, the Capitoline Museums, and the Museum of Albucasis. Artworks, labelled in French, from 'Histoire des Romains' (Victor Duruy, 1883).