Comparative anatomy gallery. 19th-century artwork of visitors looking at specimens in the gallery of comparative anatomy at the School of Medicine, Paris, France. The collections in glass cases and on display include a range of skeletons of humans and living and extinct animals. Comparative anatomy is the study of the differences in anatomy between different animals. This allows evolutionary relationships to be deduced from the changes in various anatomical structures over time. Engraving from 'Tableau de Paris' (1852) by Edmond Auguste Texier (1816-1887).