Redox flow batteries, IBM research. Single-channel test chips for a prototype computer chip cooling technology being developed at IBM Research-Zurich, Switzerland. This research is looking at the use of cooling fluids with electrochemically active redox species. Fluid-based interlayer cooling technologies pass the fluid rapidly through a stack of computer chips. Research has demonstrated that the interlayer cooling concept can also deliver power to chip stacks electrochemically, similar to how a battery operates. Electrodes are used to charge the fluid (the electrolyte), with discharging electrodes placed directly in the chip stack. Photographed in March 2013.