Carnegie, Andrew US (Scottish-born) businessman, steel industrialist, and philanthropist; immigrated to US 1848; founded Keystone Bridge Co. 1865; gained controlling interest in Homestead Steel Works 1888; wrote influential article "Wealth" (later known as "The Gospel of Wealth") in "The North American Review" 1889, advocating philanthropy as duty of wealthy classes; endowed Carnegie Hall in New York City 1892; consolidated steel holdings into Carnegie Steel Co. 1899; endowed Carnegie Institute of Technology 1900 (opened 1905, chartered 1912; merged with Mellon Institute to form Carnegie Mellon University 1967); sold Carnegie Steel Co. to U.S. Steel Co. 1901 to devote himself to philanthropy; established Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching 1905; established Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1910; established Carnegie Corp. of New York 1911 _1835-1919