Cyanobacteria and diatom. Polarised light micrograph of filamentous cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp. and a diatom (Epithemia sp.). Diatoms are single-celled photosynthetic algae, of which there are about 100,000 species. They have mineralised cell walls (frustules) that contain silica and provide protection and support. They form an important part of the plankton at the base of the marine and freshwater food chains. Cyanobacteria are bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. Magnification: x400, when printed 10 centimetres wide.