Islamic medicine; Arabic medicine or Arabian medicine refers to medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age; and written in Arabic; the lingua franca of Islamic civilization. The emergence of Islamic medicine came about through the interactions of the indigenous Arab tradition with foreign influences.

Translation of earlier texts was a fundamental building block in the formation of Islamic medicine and the tradition that has been passed down. Latin translations of Arabic medical works had a significant influence on the development of medicine in the high Middle Ages and early Renaissance; as did Arabic texts which translated the medical works of earlier cultures.