Kano Naizen (?? ??; 1570 - 1616) was a Japanese painter of the Kano school; particularly known for his screen paintings (byobu) of Namban (Southern Barbarians; i.e. Europeans).

The Nanban trade (???? Nanban boeki; 'Southern barbarian trade') or the Nanban trade period (?????? Nanban boeki jidai; 'Southern barbarian trade period') in Japanese history extends from the arrival of the first Europeans - Portuguese explorers; missionaries and merchants - to Japan in 1543; to their near-total exclusion from the archipelago in 1614; under the promulgation of the 'Sakoku' Seclusion Edicts.