Color enhanced illustration of "Java Man," an apelike form of Homo sapiens from the middle Pleistocene having a small brain capacity, low cranial vault, and massive brow ridges. Java Man is the common name of fossilized Homo erectus remains found in 1891 at Trinil, Java. Its discoverer, Eugene Dubois, gave it the scientific name Pithecanthropus erectus, a name derived from Greek and Latin roots meaning upright ape-man. The current consensus of anthropologists is that the direct ancestors of modern humans were African populations of Homo erectus (possibly Homo ergaster), rather than the Asian populations exemplified by Java Man and Peking Man. Illustration originally captioned: Pithecanthropus, Java Ape Man (Osborn) from unidentified source, 1916. This image has been color enhanced.