Francis Harry Compton Crick (June 8, 1916 - July 28, 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson. Together with Watson and Maurice Wilkins, he was jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". Crick was an important theoretical molecular biologist and played a crucial role in research related to revealing the helical structure of DNA. He is widely known for use of the term "central dogma" to summarize the idea that genetic information flow in cells is essentially one-way, from DNA to RNA to protein. His later research centered on theoretical neurobiology and attempts to advance the scientific study of human consciousness. He died of colon cancer in 2004 at the age of 88. According to Christof Koch, "he was editing a manuscript on his death bed, a scientist until the bitter end".