Two Oglala chiefs, American Horse (wearing western clothing and gun-in-holster) and Red Cloud (wearing headdress), shaking hands in front of tipi, probably on or near Pine Ridge Reservation. Photographed by John C.H. Grabill, 1891. American Horse (1840 - December 16, 1908) was an Oglala Lakota chief, statesman, educator and historian. American Horse is notable in American history as a U.S. Army Indian Scout and a progressive Oglala Lakota leader who promoted friendly associations with whites and education for his people. American Horse opposed Crazy Horse during the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 and the Ghost Dance Movement of 1890, and was a Lakota delegate to Washington. Red Cloud (1822 - December 10, 1909) was a very strong war leader and a chief of the Oglala Lakota. The Oglala Lakota or Oglala Sioux are one of the seven sub-tribes of the Lakota people, who along with the Nakota and Dakota, make up the Great Sioux Nation. He led as a chief from 1868 to 1909. One of the most capable Native American opponents the United States Army faced, he led a successful campaign in 1866-1868 known as Red Cloud's War over control of the Powder River Country in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana. After signing the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), he led his people in the important transition to reservation life.