Bell Telephone office at Hamburg, NY. In the early days of telephony companies used manual telephone switchboards, and switchboard operators connected calls by inserting a pair of phone plugs into the appropriate jacks. Each pair of plugs was part of a cord circuit with a switch associated that let the operator participate in the call. Each jack had a light above it that lit when the telephone receiver was lifted. Lines from the central office were usually arranged along the bottom row. Before the advent of automatic exchanges, an operator's assistance was required for anything other than calling telephones across a shared party line. Callers spoke to an operator at a Central Office who then connected a cord to the proper circuit in order to complete the call. Automatic, or Dial systems were developed in the 1920s to reduce labor costs as usage increased, and to ensure privacy to the customer. Companies observed that women were generally more courteous to callers. However, a contributing factor to women entering this workforce was because women were paid from one half to one quarter of a man's salary. Photographed by John Van Epps, 1900-10.