Officials on both sides - The Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902. The Alliance was to run for five years before being renewed, was primarily directed against the potential shared menace posed, it was believed, by France and (most probably) Russia in the Far East. The alliance obligated either power to remain neutral if one or other found itself at war. However, should either power be obliged to fight a war against two or more powers, the other signatory was obliged to provide military aid. The alliance was renewed in 1905 to take into account Japan's recent successful war against Russia.