'Portrait of Surgeon Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov', 1881, (1965). Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) was a prominent Russian scientist and doctor, and is considered to be the founder of field surgery. Pirogov was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic, the first surgeon to use anaesthesia in a field operation, and he also developed his own technique of using plaster casts to treat fractured bones. Painting in the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. From "Russian Painting of the 18th and 19th Centuries" by Vladimir Fiala. [Artia, Czechoslovakia, 1965]