BICEP2 telescope camera superconducting chip. Chip identical to the 16 chips integrated into the BICEP2 (Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization) telescope camera at the South Pole. Each custom-made superconducting circuit chip amplifies the electrical signals generated by 32 microwave detectors and assembles them into a sequential time stream. Developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with this image published in 2014 by NIST's Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML).