Map of the Moon by the Italian Jesuit astronomer Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1598-1671), published in 1651 in Almagestum Novum. The map is labelled in Latin and is divided into octans (eighths). It also shows libration (the oscillation of the visible surface of the Moon), and includes a scale (bottom). This map marks the beginning of the modern system of lunar nomenclature. It was drawn by fellow Jesuit scholar Francesco Grimaldi. Riccioli used feature names such as 'sea' (Mare), 'ocean' (Oceanus) and 'land' (Terra). Craters were named after famous scholars, scientists and astronomers from history.