Helmuth von Moltke the Elder (1800-1891), German field marshal and chief of staff of the Prussian Army. Moltke entered Prussian service in 1822, graduating from what was later known as the Prussian Military Academy in 1826. He knew seven languages, and published a book of artworks on his travels in Turkey. He also wrote extensively on military theory. He served in the Ottoman Empire in the 1830s. He then served on the general staff of the 4th Army Corps in Berlin from 1840 to 1855. By 1857, he had been appointed Chief of the Prussian General Staff, where he remained for the next 30 years. He reformed and modernised the army, with major successes in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71). Artwork published in 1897.