Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (November 1875 - 3 June 1946) - Russian revolutionary, Soviet statesman and party leader. In 1919, L. D. Trotsky called him the All-Russian headman, after 1935 he began to be called the All-Union headman , also the workers and peasants president and simply Grandfather Kalinin, since from 1919 to the year After his death, Kalinin served as the formal head of state (in different years it was called differently) in the RSFSR, and then in the USSR. Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) (1919-1946). A candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1919-1926), a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee (1926-1946). Member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1919-1920, 1924-1925), candidate member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (1921-1924).