Sultan Suleyman I (1494-1566), also known as 'Suleyman the Magnificent' and 'Suleyman the Lawmaker', was the 10th and longest reigning sultan of the Ottoman empire. He personally led his armies to conquer Transylvania, the Caspian, much of the Middle East and the Maghreb. His admiral, Barbaros Hayreddin Pasa, known as 'Barbarossa' or 'Red Beard', commanded a fleet of galleys that dominated the Mediterranean as far as Spain for years. In this painting, Suleyman is seated on the left while an aging Barbarossa sits on a lower seat and is depicted with a white beard.