Clouds on Venus, Venus Express images. Winds on Venus reach speeds up to 60 times faster than the rate at which the planet rotates. This phenomenon, known as super-rotation, produces a range of cloud dynamics. These three images are from the visible and infrared camera on Venus Express. At left are stationary waves. At centre are dynamical instabilities. At right are mysterious filament-like structures. It is thought that the surface topography of Venus affects the formation of these wave patterns and structures in the cloud layers. ESA's Venus Express orbited Venus from 2006 to 2014. These images were published in 2017.