Karakuri-zui was written by Hosokawa Hanzo Yorinao, and was published in the Edo period (1798). This, Japan's oldest manuscript of mechanical engineering, consists of three volumes. They were later reprinted in Osaka and Kyoto. The compendium details the structure and the construction process of clocks (wadokei, jp. ㎝璸) and automated (Karakuri ningy?, jp. ????) mechanical dolls, and it explains not only the techniques, but also about the spirit of making these mechanical devices.