XEE4414258 The Carolingian Empire was divided between the three sons of Louis the Pious: Lothaire I, Louis the Germanic and Charles the Bald, according to the Treaty of Verdun (843). Engraving of the 18th century. by Unknown artist, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The Carolingian Empire was divided between the three sons of Louis the Pious: Lothaire I, Louis the Germanic and Charles the Bald, according to the Treaty of Verdun (843). Engraving of the 18th century.); Stefano Bianchetti.