81 year old male patient with gynaecomastia, the enlargement of the breasts in males. This condition is caused by an increase in the amount of the female sex hormone oestrogen in the blood. This may be due to the use of anabolic steroids, certain prescription drugs, tumour (including testicular tumour), or liver disease. It can also occur in boys during puberty. It is thought to affect up to 60% of males at some point in their lives. Treatment is of the underlying cause. Occasionally breast reduction surgery is also required.