In 1670 the Quaker and future founder of Pennsylvania; William Penn (d. 1718); was arrested on a charge of being part of an 'unlawful and tumultuous' assembly in London. Having been tried at the Old Bailey; Penn was initially acquitted by the jury; whose members were then chastised; fined and imprisoned for having returned a verdict of not guilty. Invoking Magna Carta; an incredulous Penn called from the dock; 'It is intolerable that my Jury should be thus menaced; Is this according to the fundamental Laws? Are not they my proper Judges by the great Charter of England?' Penn published this transcript of his trial; representing his cause as a defence of the ancient liberties embodied in Magna Carta; to which was added a lengthy analysis of 'the Material Parts of the Great Charter of England'