Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli (14 March 1835 ??4 July 1910) was an Italian astronomer and science historian.

He was educated at the University of Turin, and later studied at Berlin Observatory, under Encke. In 1859??860 he worked in Pulkovo Observatory and then worked for over forty years at Brera Observatory. He was also a senator of the Kingdom of Italy, a member of the Accademia dei Lincei, the Accademia delle Scienze di Torino and the Regio Istituto Lombardo, and is particularly known for his studies of Mars.