Illustration of an intermembrane transporter (blue) of the Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi transporting a lipopolysaccharide (LPS, orange) through the inner membrane (orange and purple). This process consumes ATP (adenosine triphosphate, red). It is necessary for gram negative bacteria to assemble a bacterial cell wall. As this cell wall protects bacteria from many types of antibiotic, the transport of LPS is the focus of research to develop new antibiotics, such as zosurabalpin.