Eben Norton Horsford (1818-1893), American chemist and historian. Horsford was born in New York and studied at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He became a teacher, but in 1845 he went to Germany to study. On his return to America he was appointed a professor at Harvard. He taught chemistry and did research into practical applications such as condensed milk and emergency rations. He is best known for reformulating baking powder, in which he replaced the traditional leavening agent cream of tartar with calcium hydrogen phosphate with considerably improved results. He donated quantities of books and money to higher education for women. He was fascinated by the Viking discovery of America as told in the Icelandic Vinland Saga and published widely on