John Knox (1505-1572), Scottish clergyman. Knox was born at Haddington in East Lothian, Scotland, and educated at the University of St. Andrews in theology. He worked as a notary-priest (not a parochial priest) and was influenced by early church reformers. He was captured by the French during fighting at St. Andrews and taken to France before being exiled to England. When catholicism was reestablished in England Knox went to Geneva where he met John Calvin. In 1559 he returned to Scotland and led the reformation movement in the Church. The Presbyterian Church eventually replaced catholicism in Scotland, supported by parliament and the nobility.