Johan Joseph Ignaz Dollinger or Doellinger (1799-1890), German Roman Catholic theologian, ordained in 1822. Professor of church history and ecclesiastical law, Munich University. He opposed the idea of papal infallibility and refused to accept it when the Vatican Council pronounced it to be a doctrine in 1870. In 1871 he was defrocked and excommunicated. The German 'Old Catholics' looked on him as a leader, a role he rejected. From 'The Modern Portrait Gallery' (London, c1880). Tinted lithograph. Photo via Newscom