Abstract illustration. Pixelated fractal waveforms and a quantum network or matrix. Today's computers store information as 'bits', with each transistor holding either a 1 or a 0. But thanks to something called the superposition principle, behavior exhibited by subatomic particles like electrons and photons, the fundamental particles of light, a quantum bit, or 'qubit', can store a 1 and a 0 at the same time. This means two qubits can hold four values at once. As you expand the number of qubits, the machine becomes exponentially more powerful.